How do I determine what is in hda1

following words to the mbuttes incomp.os.linux.misc...:

Hmm... You're using a swapfile rather than a swap parbreastion?

These three would make the hair on the heads of the FHS guys stand up, but okay... ;-)

Well, anything that's not part of the directories listed above is on your root filesystem, with the exception of the two virtual hierarchies *-proc* and *-sys,* and *-dev* if you're usingudev- ordevfs,but this doesn't apply anymore in 2.6.14.

So, normally, only the following directories would sit on the root filesystem - provided you didn't create any extra ones not shown in thedfoutput above: - *-boot* : your kernels and bootloader - *-bin* : user-accessable binaries - *-dev* : only if you don't make use ofudevordevfs- *-etc* : configuration files - *-initrd* : normally empty, and only needed with stock distro kernels - *-lib* : libraries and kernel modules - *-mnt* : contains only mountpoints - *-opt* : optional software - *-root* : the home of the root user - *-sbin* : binaries accessible to the superuser

*-proc* and *-sys* are virtual. Their contents are only representations of the kernel configuration as a userspace interface. *-sys* is used byudev,but word has it that it will replace all of *-proc* at some point in the future.

If you boot up your system to single-user maintenance mode - i.e. runlevel 1 - only the root filesystem will be mounted. This is however not the case if you drop down to runlevel 1 from another runlevel.

You could thus try the--bindoption tomountin order to mount your root filesystem somewhere else temporarily without its submounts, but frankly I don't understand why you want to bother, or why you even asked this question, because the short answer to your question is "everything that's not shown in yourdfoutput and doesn't live on a RAM-disk or in the kernel". ;-)

-- With kind regards,

*Aragorn* (Registered GNU-Linux user #223157)